Josef Reding liest; Clemens August Graf von Gahlen". He criticized the British dismissal of Germans from public service without investigation and trial. Clemens August Kardinal Graf von Galen (1878-1946) ist vor allem bekannt mit seinem Beinamen "Der Löwe von Münster", den er wegen seiner mutigen Kritik am NS-Staat erhielt. In part because of Galen’s public protest, the T4 program was formally halted, though it continued clandestinely. His term as bishop thus closely coincided with the Chancellorship of Adolf Hitler.. 15.11.2020. As a proponent of Christian legal opinion, which states that you are only responsible for your own deeds, I support the plea for clemency for General Meyer and pledge for a pardon." Gräfin Josepha Christina Amalie Schaffgotsch genannt Semperfrei von und zu Kynast und Greiffenstein, 30. He feared the lower classes would embrace radicalism and anarchy. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [71] In the face of his resistance and broad popularity, they allowed him free speech without any censorship. Roman Catholic Cardinal. A commanding presence (6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) tall) — his rooms were furnished simply, he wore unpretentious clothing, and he spoke plainly — he did not like the theatre, secular music (except for military marches), or literature. The British authorities ordered him to renounce the sermon immediately, but the bishop refused. Diese Tatsache endete nicht mit seinem Tod am 22. [22][23], In 1934, Bishop Galen began to attack the racial ideology of the Nazi regime, partly poking fun at it, partly critiquing its ideological basis as presented by the Nazi ideologist Alfred Rosenberg. At a time when the Jesuits were still not permitted in Münster, he received his main schooling at a Jesuit School, Stella Matutina in the Vorarlberg, Austria, where only Latin was spoken. "Feelings of German nationalism, apparently, could triumph over concern for the violations of the sanctity of human life in war. [40], Hitler's order for the "Aktion T4" Euthanasia Programme was dated 1 September 1939, the day Germany invaded Poland. Following their first winter semester at Freiburg, Clemens and Franz visited Rome for three months. Born into a noble family, he entered the priesthood on May 28, 1904 and served as a pastor in Berlin 1905-1929 and in Munster 1929-1933. At the end of the visit he told Franz that he had decided to become a priest though he was unsure whether to become a contemplative Benedictine or a Jesuit. … [39] Galen said that it was the duty of Christians to resist the taking of human life, even if it meant losing their own lives. Immer … In August 1917 he visited the front lines in France and found the optimistic morale of the troops uplifting. Sunday, 9 April 2017. [3] After serving in Berlin parishes from 1906 to 1929, he became the pastor of Münster's St. Lamberti Church, where he was noted for his political conservatism before being appointed Bishop of Münster in 1933. [12], Galen arrived in Berlin on 23 April 1906 and stayed until 16 April 1929. Das Porträt Clemens August Graf von Galen erschien zuerst in leicht verkürzter Form als WDR-Sendung (11.3.1978), dann gedruckt in "Entscheidungen im Westen", Beiträge zur neueren Landesgeschichte, Bd. We all know that despite its diverse factions, the Catholic Church is a world community, which sticks together when the chips are down. [4][5] The sermons were illegally circulated in print, inspiring some German Resistance groups, including the White Rose. Durch seine tiefe Frömmigkeit und seinen Nationalkonservatismus geriet er in den Konflikt mit dem NS-Regime. The library is also dedicated to her memory. The cause for beatification was requested by his successor, Bishop Michael Keller of Münster and began under Pope Pius XII in 1956. [1] As bishop, Galen campaigned against the totalitarian approach of the Nazi Party in national education, appealing to parents to insist on Catholic teaching in schools. He expressed his deep love for Germany and reminded them that he had been the first bishop to publicly acknowledge the new regime. Clemens August Graf von Galen 1878-1946. Münster werd in 1938 de plek van brekend glas. Clemens en August Bluse Hemd Gr. Clemens August Graf von Galen (* 1878; † 1946) was Bishop of Münster from 1933 to 1946. Die im Titel als Zitat gekennzeichnete Begriffsbildung „Pest des Laizismus“ stammt aus der Enzyklika Quas primas Papst Pius’ XI. In 1941, von Galen delivered three sermons in which he denounced the arrest of Jesuits, the confiscation of church property, Nazi attacks on the Church, and in the third, fiercely condemned the state-approved mass killing in the involuntary euthanasia programme of persons with mental or physical defects (Aktion T4). Reluctant to transform Galen into a martyr, the Nazi government put him under virtual house arrest but deported priests serving in his diocese and took violent retribution against at least three priests who had distributed the sermon. On 3 August 1941, Galen's third sermon described the continued desecration of Catholic churches, the closing and confiscation of convents and monasteries, and the deportation of mentally ill people to undisclosed destinations, while a notice was sent to family members stating that the person in question had died. Frings platzte schon der Kragen: „Herr General, bitte kehren Sie um! If there were, Germany would look quite different! Wie wenig die meisten heutigen Deutschen die ethischen Grundlagen dieses Widerstands teilen, wird für jeden greifbar, der die vollständige Predigt liest, die Clemens August Graf von Galen am 3. [46] The local Nazi Gauleiter was furious and demanded Galen's immediate arrest. Galen's sermon probably had a greater impact than any other one statement in consolidating anti-'euthanasia' sentiment. Heute hat einer der ganz Großen Geburtstag – einer der ganz Großen für mich: Kardinal Clemens August Graf von Galen, der Löwe von Münster – geboren am 16. Clemens August Graf von Galen ist bis in unsere Tage eine umstrittene Persönlichkeit. "[15] In 1916 and 1917 he welcomed reports that the German military had a plan to colonize Eastern Europe, stating that German Catholics should be moved into the area, especially Lithuania, with the goal not of expelling the Lithuanians, but educating them to think and feel as Germans.[15]. März 1946, sondern setzt sich bis heute fort. At first Galen hoped that the Nazis would restore Germany to the position of respect that it had lost in World War I. Nach der Priesterweihe wurde Clemens August zunächst Domvikar … Clemens August Graf von Galen wurde am 16. New York City: Penguin. Gräfin Maria Franziska von Schönborn-Heussenstamm, This page was last edited on 18 February 2021, at 01:20. [61] Apart from official pronouncements on the subject by the Pope and by German church bodies, Galen himself denounced Nazi racism on multiple occasions,[62] and he was partly responsible for the German bishops' conference condemnation of racial persecution in the 1943 pastoral letter Dekalog-Hirtenbrief. Wolf Münster. Kardinal Clemens August von Galen war jedoch nur einer von vielen Kreuzzugs-Predigern, die von der Kirche selig- bzw. [21] By early 1937, the church hierarchy in Germany, which had initially attempted to co-operate with the Nazi government, had become highly disillusioned. [52] Generalmajor Hans Oster, a devout Lutheran and a leading member of the German Resistance, once said of Galen:[53]. [49] Ian Kershaw called Galen's "open attack" on the government's euthanasia programme in 1941 a "vigorous denunciation of Nazi inhumanity and barbarism". I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. Herr Rosenberg must be taken seriously if the German situation is to be understood. In a joint interview with British officials, Galen told the international press that "just as I fought against Nazi injustices, I will fight any injustice, no matter where it comes from". Historische Broschüre vom bekannten Münsterschen Pressefotografen Clemens Hülsbusch im Selbstverlag herausgegeben, erschienen bei Holterdorf, Oelde 1946. Cle­mens Au­gust Graf von Galen wurde am 16. Galen gilt als national und konservativ. "[16] He believed the stab-in-the-back myth, which held that the German Army hadn't been defeated in battle but by being undermined by defeatist elements on the home front[17] and, as did most Germans, considered the Treaty of Versailles unjust. Zunächst galt Clemens August Graf von Galen den Nationalsozialisten als staatstreuer Kirchendiener. Generous American cardinals financed his Roman stay, as German money was not in demand. A paper from the British Foreign Office called Galen "the most outstanding personality among the clergy in the British zone... Statuesque in appearance and uncompromising in discussion, this oak-bottomed old aristocrat... is a German nationalist through and through. März 1878 geboren . am 18. It is always his teachers and educators who are wrong. Zunächst galt Clemens August Graf von Galen den Nationalsozialisten als staatstreuer Kirchendiener. Doch er wandelte sich und wurde als lautstarker Streiter gegen das Regime weltberühmt. Peter Hoffmann; The History of the German Resistance 1933–1945; 3rd Edn (First English Edn); McDonald & Jane's; London; 1977; p.24, Anton Gill; An Honourable Defeat; A History of the German Resistance to Hitler; Heinemann; London; 1994; p. 60, Ian Kershaw; Hitler a Biography; 2008 Edn; W.W. Norton & Co; London; pp. Galen was named a cardinal on Febuary18, 1946. [28] Galen was part of the five-member commission that prepared the papal encyclical. [32], While the Nazi extermination of Jewish people took place primarily on Polish territory, the murder of people with disabilities (viewed by the nazi regime as "invalid" individuals) became public knowledge because it took place on German soil and interfered directly in Catholic and Protestant welfare institutions. Galen's three powerful sermons of July and August 1941 earned him the nickname of the "Lion of Münster". Thousands of copies of the sermons were circulated throughout Germany. He often criticized the Centre Party for being too left-wing. Galen to his mother, August 3 1914. [75] Generous American cardinals financed his Roman stay, as German money was not in demand. Clemens August Graf von Galen, Bishop of Münster from 1933 until his death in 1946, is renowned for his opposition to Nazism, most notably for his public preaching in 1941 against Hitler’s euthanasia project to rid the country of sick, elderly, mentally retarded, and disabled Germans. Corrections? Katholikos Kyriake Sancta Ecclesia de Iesous Christos et Maria Magdalena "[73], When SS-General Kurt Meyer, accused of complicity in the shooting of eighteen Canadian prisoners of war, was sentenced to death, Galen pleaded for his life to be spared: "According to what has been reported to me, General Kurt Meyer was sentenced to death because his subordinates committed crimes he didn't arrange and of which he did not approve. Muss... L Versand möglich. September 1945 an Wilhelm Leisner: "Zum Tode Ihres lieben Sohnes, des hochwürdigen Herrn Karl Leisner, möchte ich Ihnen, Ihrer Frau und Ihren Kindern meine herzliche Teil­nahme aussprechen, – oder eigentlich meinen Glückwunsch: denn ich glaube sicher, Sie haben dem Himmel einen Heiligen geschenkt! [64], While not as explicit and not as effective as the vocal German episcopate's 1941 protests, in September 1943, von Galen and his fellow bishops in Germany drafted another condemnation of Nazi racial persecution and ordered it to be read from all pulpits in the diocese of Münster and across the German Empire, therein denouncing the killing of "the innocent and defenceless mentally handicapped and mentally ill, the incurably infirm and fatally wounded, innocent hostages and disarmed prisoners of war and criminal offenders, people of foreign race or descent". His only reported vice, which he refused to give up, was smoking his pipes. According to some sources, they also were dropped as leaflets by Allied pilots. Documents suggest the Nazis intended to hang him at the end of the war. Galen suffered virtual house arrest from 1941 until the end of the war. Heinz Mussinghoff, Rassenwahn in Münster, Der Judenpogrom 1938 und Bischof Clemens August Graf von Galen, Regensberg Verlag, Münster, 1989, pp. The Library is dedicated to research and scholarly, practical and creative ways of proactive crime prevention. Blessed Clemens August Graf Cardinal von Galen (16 March 1878 – 22 March 1946) was the Catholic Bishop of Münster from 1933 to 1946. He asked his listeners to be patient and to endure, and said that the German people were being destroyed not by the Allied bombing from the outside, but from negative forces within.[44]. can destroy the other commandments as well. Galen began to criticize Hitler's movement in 1934. [6], Following this, in September 1943, another condemnation was read at the order of von Galen and other bishops from all Catholic pulpits in the diocese of Münster and across the German Empire, denouncing the killing of "the innocent and defenceless mentally handicapped and mentally ill, the incurably infirm and fatally wounded, innocent hostages and disarmed prisoners of war and criminal offenders, people of a foreign race or descent". Clemens Augustinus Emmanuel Joseph Pius Anthonius Hubertus Marie Graf von Galen (16. One of them was the future SS General Jürgen Stroop, who later recalled, "Bishop von Galen was a great gentleman, a true aristocrat, a Renaissance prince of the Church. Todestag am 22. [10] He chose as his motto "Nec laudibus nec timore", a phase from the liturgy used for a bishop's consecration when the consecrating bishop prays that the new bishop be overcome "neither by flattery nor by fear". 02381 374404 Pfarrbüro "Herz-Jesu" Telefon: 02381 62966. Clemens August Graf von Galen (16. maaliskuuta 1878 Dinklage, Oldenburgin Münsterinmaa – 22. maaliskuuta 1946 Münster, Westfalen) oli toisen maailmansodan aikana Münsterin katolinen piispa Saksassa.Hän vastusti pelkäämättä sekä natsi-Saksan että liittoutuneiden miehitysjoukkojen mielivaltaisuuksia. [34] It targeted people with dementia, cognitive/mental disabilities, mental illness, epileptic, physical disabilities, children with Down's Syndrome and people with similar afflictions. August 1941 hält Clemens August Graf von Galen in Münster eine unerhörte Predigt: Er wettert gegen den Massenmord der Nationalsozialisten … v. W. Först, Köln und Berlin 1979. 1: Meine lieben Diözesanen! On 13 April 1945, he raised a protest with American military authorities against the mass rape of German women by Allied and particularly Soviet soldiers as well as against the plundering of German homes, factories, research centres, firms and offices by American and British troops.[68][69]. If that were indeed a justification for execution, he reasoned, everybody would have to be afraid to even go to a doctor for fear of what might be discovered. Clemens August Graf von Galen hatte bereits zu Lebzeiten mit einigen Kontroversen um seine Person zu kämpfen. Februar im Alter von 79 Jahren in Borken im Münsterland, wie „Kirche-und-Leben.de“ im Umfeld der Familie bestätigt wurde. 1932 veröffentlichte von Galen seine Schrift Die „Pest des Laizismus“ und ihre Erscheinungsformen – Erwägungen und Besorgnisse eines Seelsorgers über die religiös-sittliche Lage der deutschen Katholiken. Im Jahr 2007 wurde vor allem an den heilig gesprochenen Kaiser Heinrich II. https://www.dhm.de/.../biografie-clemens-august-graf-von-galen.html "Thou shalt not kill." [21] Galen often protested against violations of the Concordat to Hitler directly. Galen deplored the fall of the monarchy and was suspicious of the new Weimar democracy, believing that "the revolutionary ideas of 1918 had caused considerable damage to Catholic Christianity. Clemens Augustinus Emmanuel Joseph Pius Anthonius Hubertus Marie Graf[2] von Galen (16 March 1878 – 22 March 1946), better known as Clemens August Graf von Galen, was a German count, Bishop of Münster, and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Guter Zustand siehe Fotos. März: Clemens August Graf von Galen wird in Dinklage (Münsterland) als Sohn des Zentrumsabgeordneten Ferdinand Graf von Galen und dessen Frau Elisabeth (geb. Clemens Augustinus Emmanuel Joseph Pius Anthonius Hubertus Marie Graf [2] von Galen (16 March 1878 – 22 March 1946), better known as Clemens August Graf von Galen, was a German count, Bishop of Münster, and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.During World War II, Galen led Catholic protest against Nazi euthanasia and denounced Gestapo lawlessness and the persecution of the church. Documents discovered later showed that the Nazis were close to a decision to hang Galen but decided to wait until they achieved a victory in World War II. Evert van Vlastuin (Reformatorisch Dagblad, 9 november 2012). Nach dem Theologiestudium empfängt er 1904 die Priesterweihe und wird 1933 zum Bischof von Münster ernannt. Kardinal Clemens August Graf von Galen in seiner Zeit Münster 2005: Hasenkamp, Gottfried: Der Kardinal – Taten und Tage des Bischofs von Münster Clemens August Graf von Galen Münster 1985: Haunfelder, Bernd / Schollmeier, Axel: Kardinal von Galen. Sandstede, Gerd, Clemens August Graf von Galen (1987) (Sonntag, Franz Peter, 1920 - 1987) Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains: B Galen, Clemens August von 1878-1946 / National Socialism B Galen, Clemens August von 1878-1946 / Catholic church … He declared it unacceptable to argue that Jewish authorship of the Old Testament diminished its authority, or that morality and virtue were in any way derived from the perceived usefulness of a particular race. They talked about the old days in Berlin, and Galen declared: "for nothing in the world would I want to have missed those two hours, not even for the red hat."[78]. Sie sollen an das Wirken des Kardinals erinnern. It was a booming commercial and cultural metropolis at the time he arrived — its population increased from 900,000 in 1871 to slightly less than 4 million by 1920. Der Historiker Joachim Kuropka ist tot. [9] In 1899 he met Pope Leo XIII in a private audience. März 1946 in Münster, Westfalen) war von 1933 bis 1946 Bischof von Münster. [45] Galen went on to raise the question of whether permanently injured German soldiers would fall under the programme as well. In 1896 he went to study at the Catholic University of Freiburg, which had been established in 1886 by the Dominicans, where he encountered the writings of Thomas Aquinas. Gehorsam & Gewissen. In July and August 1941 Galen preached against the general lawlessness of the Gestapo, the confiscation of religious property, and the T4 Program instituted by Hitler in 1939—a program involving the systematic murder of more than 70,000 sick, elderly, mentally retarded, physically infirm, emotionally distraught, and disabled Germans, who were an embarrassment to the myth of Aryan supremacy. Unexpectedly, at Christmas 1945 it became known that Pope Pius XII would appoint three new German cardinals: Bishop Clemens August von Galen, Bishop Konrad von Preysing of Berlin, and Archbishop Josef Fringsof Cologne. He said he had forwarded his evidence to the State Attorney. Aufnahmeort: Privathaus der Familie Reding in Dortmund. https://beruhmte-zitate.de/autoren/clemens-august-graf-von-galen "[26] Galen began by commending Stroop's mother for her devout Catholicism, then categorically refused to accept or praise Rosenberg's doctrines of euthanizing or forcibly sterilizing the disabled. [60] In his résumé, Kuropka emphasized the uniqueness of the brochure distribution and the prayer campaign in Galen's diocese of Münster. Als 11. von 13 Kin­dern wuchs er in der Ge­bor­gen­heit einer gläu­bi­gen Fa­mi­lie auf. März 1946 nach Münster zurück. Graf Franz Joseph von Sternberg-Manderscheid, 15. [51] The sermons influenced the Scholl siblings in founding the White Rose pacifist student resistance group. A staunch German nationalist and patriot, he considered the Treaty of Versailles unjust and viewed Bolshevism as a threat to Germany and the Church. Galen then remarked that a regime which can do away with the Fifth Commandment ("Thou shalt not kill.") In this atmosphere, Galen sought to be an energetic and idealistic leader of his parish. Clemens August Graf von Galen wurde am 16. 3. Kundige Biografie unter einem spezifischen Blickwinkel - Der Autor zeigt wie sich Galens Glaube und... Versand möglich. Clemens August Antonius Ignatz von Ketteler, 25. Matthias. [3] In 1933, Galen was elected bishop of Münster, although he was not the popular candidate to succeed the previous bishop, Johannes Poggenburg, and was selected only after other candidates had declined to be nominated and despite a protest from the Papal Nuncio Cesare Orsenigo, who reported that Galen was bossy and paternalistic in his public utterances. Studium der Theologie in Innsbruck. Das Büro ist im Pfarrhaus hinter der Herz-Jesu Kirche. … Statuesque in appearance and uncompromising in discussion, this oak-bottomed old aristocrat … is a German nationalist through and through.”, mass killing in the involuntary euthanasia programme of persons with mental or physical defects, relentless persecution of Christians within the Soviet Union after 1918, murder of people with disabilities (viewed by the nazi regime as "invalid" individuals), former German provinces and territories in the east, "The Murder of Unproductive Persons" Clemens von Galen, Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany, C.1900 to 1945, Encyclopædia Britannica's Reflections on the Holocaust, Library : The Bishop vs. the Nazis: Bl. [58] Kuropka also emphasized Galen's cordial personal relationship with Münster town rabbi Fritz Steinthal. Tel. Evans, Richard J. He was an outspoken critic of certain Nazi policies and helped draft Pope Pius XI's 1937 anti-Nazi encyclical Mit brennender Sorge (With Burning Concern). Fast 60 Jahre nach seinem Tod ist der als Widerstandskämpfer im Nationalsozialismus bekannt gewordene Kardinal Clemens August von Galen am Sonntag in Rom selig gesprochen worden. On second review, a Canadian general, finding only "a mass of circumstantial evidence", commuted Meyer's death sentence to imprisonment. 40. 8 Stelen geben dem Mut-Weg zur Burg sein Gesicht. Durch seine tiefe Frömmigkeit und seinen Nationalkonservatismus geriet er in den Konflikt mit dem NS-Regime. Nach dem Abitur studierte er in Innsbruck und Münster Theologie und wurde am 28.05.1904 zum Priester geweiht. In the summer of 1941, in answer to unwarranted attacks by the National Socialists, Bishop von Galen delivered three admonitory sermons between July and August. Denn in dem Augenblick, in welchem die menschliche Obrigkeit in ihren Befehlen den klar Einer der wenigen Kirchenmänner, die es gewagt haben, sich gegen die Nazis zu stellen, den Mund aufzumachen – in die Opposition zu gehen. He had become famous and popular, so after the pope had placed the red hat on his head wit… Doch er wandelte sich und wurde als lautstarker Streiter gegen das Regime weltberühmt. Pius replied that he was always aware that thousands of innocent persons would have been sent to certain death if he as pope had protested. Quoting Pope Pius XII's Opus Justitiae Pax and Justitia fundamentum Regnorum, Galen noted that "Peace is the work of Justice and Justice, the basis for dominion", then attacked the Third Reich for undermining justice, the belief in justice and for reducing the German people to a state of permanent fear, even cowardice. Am 22. [37] He attacked the Gestapo for converting church properties to their own purposes – including use as cinemas and brothels. Denn der Kaiser hatte im Jahr 1007 das Erzbistum Bamberg gegründet. Durch seine tiefe Frömmigkeit und seinen Nationalkonservatismus geriet er in den Konflikt mit dem NS-Regime. Why? In an interview with Swiss media, Galen demanded punishment for Nazi criminals but humane treatment for the millions of German prisoners of war who had not committed any crimes and who were being denied contact with their relatives by the British.