The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Renault (27% of cars sold in France in 2003), Peugeot (20.1%) and Citroën (13.5%). French education is centralized and divided into three stages: Primary, secondary, and higher education. [267][268] They were joined by numerous former colonial subjects from North and West Africa, as well as numerous European immigrants from Spain and Portugal. Reference date: 2020-01-01. Following the revolution, France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under Napoleon Bonaparte, subjugating much of continental Europe and establishing the First French Empire. [250] Immigrants are major contributors to this trend; in 2010, 27 percent of newborns in metropolitan France had at least one foreign-born parent and 24 percent had at least one parent born outside of Europe (excluding French overseas territories).[251]. Rameau became the dominant composer of French opera and the leading French composer for the harpsichord. The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say. In addition to the submarine fleet, it is estimated that France has about 60 ASMP medium-range air-to-ground missiles with nuclear warheads,[172] of which around 50 are deployed by the Air and Space Force using the Mirage 2000N long-range nuclear strike aircraft, while around 10 are deployed by the French Navy's Super Étendard Modernisé (SEM) attack aircraft, which operate from the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle. Agriculture is an important sector of France's economy: 3.8% of the active population is employed in agriculture, whereas the total agri-food industry made up 4.2% of French GDP in 2005. Das Finale der FIFA WM 2018 zwischen Frankreich und Kroatien im Livestream und live im ZDF. France is a secular country in which freedom of religion is a constitutional right. It is estimated that between 300 million[286] and 500 million[287] people worldwide can speak French, either as a mother tongue or a second language. The national team has won two Olympic silver medals: in 2000 and 1948. . L'évolution du contenu de l'obligation scolaire, 1881–1882 : Lois Ferry École publique gratuite, laïque et obligatoire, "Official properties inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in France", Le néo-impressionnisme de Seurat à Paul Klee, "Toulouse's Saint Sernin, Largest Romanesque Church in Europe", 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t063666, Site officiel de la Cathedrale de Notre-Dame de Reims, "Charles VII et Louis XI -Know -Val de Loire patrimoine mondial", "Urbanisme : Des gratte-ciel à Paris : qu'en pensez-vous ?nbsp;– Posez vos questions", In the heart of the main European Business area, "La Princesse de Cleves by Madame de Lafayette, adapted by Jo Clifford", "France looks to the law to save the language of Molière", "Victor Hugo est le plus grand écrivain français", Modiano strengthens France's literature Nobel dominance, "Debussy's 'La Mer' Marks 100th Birthday", "French music has the whole planet singing", "Bureau Export – Les certifications export 2012", "Encyclopédie Larousse en ligne – les frères Lumière", "You Know These 20 Movies. [277] ), Alain Tranoy, Élisabeth Carpentier et Jean-Marie Mayeur (préface de Jacques Le Goff), Histoire de France, Points Seuil, coll. " [407] In January 2010, the magazine International Living ranked France as "best country to live in", ahead of 193 other countries, for the fifth year running. The Bastille Day military parade held in Paris each 14 July for France's national day, called Bastille Day in English-speaking countries (referred to in France as Fête nationale), is the oldest and largest regular military parade in Europe. France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris, the country's largest city … Rugby union is popular, particularly in Paris and the southwest of France. Although the revolt was a political failure (as the Gaullist party emerged even stronger than before) it announced a split between the French people and de Gaulle who resigned shortly after. The French nobility played a prominent role in most Crusades to restore Christian access to the Holy Land. In addition to its wine tradition, France is also a major producer of beer and rum. Napoleon Bonaparte seized control of the Republic in 1799 becoming First Consul and later Emperor of the French Empire (1804–1814; 1815). Like in most industrialized nations, the print media have been affected by a severe crisis in the past decade. [381] French films account for 35% of the total film revenues of France, which is the highest percentage of national film revenues in the developed world outside the United States, compared to 14% in Spain and 8% in the UK. It is bordered by the North Sea in the north, the English Channel in the northwest, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean sea in the southeast. Cities affected by this climate: Chamonix, Mouthe. Fearing that the king would suppress the newly created National Assembly, insurgents stormed the Bastille on 14 July 1789, a date which would become France's National Day. However, in France, baroque architecture found a greater success in the secular domain than in a religious one. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. French explorers, such as Jacques Cartier or Samuel de Champlain, claimed lands in the Americas for France, paving the way for the expansion of the First French colonial empire. Whole of the French Republic except the overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean. The plat principal could include a pot au feu or steak frites. The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987, when Hugh Capet, Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned King of the Franks. [111] However, the plan was abandoned due to fears of burdening French businesses. The earliest French literature dates from the Middle Ages, when what is now known as modern France did not have a single, uniform language. France is a major arms seller,[175][176] with most of its arsenal's designs available for the export market with the notable exception of nuclear-powered devices. Although English-speaking creations achieved popularity in the country, French pop music, known as chanson française, has also remained very popular. Michel de Montaigne was the other major figure of the French literature during that century. It resulted in hundreds of thousands of Muslims (especially in the larger cities) living in subsidized public housing and suffering from very high unemployment rates. Gabriel Goodliffe and Riccardo Brizzi, eds. [132] The Prime Minister, currently Jean Castex, is the head of government, appointed by the President of the Republic to lead the Government of France. 31. That is, Law should lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy. • The warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) is found in all the mountainous regions of the Northern half of France between 500 and 1000 meters a.s.l. It is the second country, after Japan, to have the most gold medals. In the second part of the 19th century, France's influence over painting became even more important, with the development of new styles of painting such as Impressionism and Symbolism. [195] Extensive tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and EU subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe[196] (representing 20% of the EU's agricultural production)[197] and the world's third biggest exporter of agricultural products. Much medieval French poetry and literature were inspired by the legends of the Matter of France, such as The Song of Roland and the various chansons de geste. [356][full citation needed]. "Language and Diplomacy – Translation and Interpretation", "Why Is French Considered the Language of Diplomacy? France: Strict Defamation and Privacy Laws Limit Free Expression – Index on Censorship | Index on Censorship. Demzufolge sind etwa 39.000 Einwohner in andere Länder abgewandert. Sources. Metropolitan France is situated mostly between latitudes 41° and 51° N, and longitudes 6° W and 10° E, on the western edge of Europe, and thus lies within the northern temperate zone. Only 6 countries give women the same work rights as men. [89], Since the 1995 Paris Métro and RER bombings, France has been sporadically targeted by Islamist organisations, notably the Charlie Hebdo attack in January 2015 which provoked the largest public rallies in French history, gathering 4.4 million people,[90][91] the November 2015 Paris attacks which resulted in 130 deaths, the deadliest attack on French soil since World War II,[92][93] and the deadliest in the European Union since the Madrid train bombings in 2004[94] and the 2016 Nice truck attack, which caused 87 deaths during Bastille Day celebrations. A meal often consists of three courses, hors d'œuvre or entrée (introductory course, sometimes soup), plat principal (main course), fromage (cheese course) or dessert, sometimes with a salad offered before the cheese or dessert. After the collapse of the empire and a relative decline, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating in the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 in the midst of the Franco-Prussian War. October 2020 and others that are valid for the remaining 364 days of the year! "Frankish language") of the Crusader states. France introduced the common European currency, the Euro in 2002.[192][193]. Summers are chilly and wet, while winters are extremely cold, long and snowy. 2017: 66,86 Mio: 0,21 % : 11,5 ‰ 9,1 ‰ 7.509 Mio Am Beispiel des Jahres 2018 in der Grafik: Die Einwohnerzahl in Frankreich stieg um rund 102.000 Einwohner an. [43] Teutonic tribes invaded the region from present-day Germany, the Visigoths settling in the southwest, the Burgundians along the Rhine River Valley, and the Franks (from whom the French take their name) in the north.[44]. On 20 April 1792, therefore, they declared war on Austria.[XIV]. The area was annexed by Rome in 51 BC, developing a distinct Gallo-Roman culture that laid the foundation of the French language. PopulationPyramid.net Bevölkerungspyramiden der Welt von 1950 bis 2100. France attracts many religious pilgrims on their way to St. James, or to Lourdes, a town in the Hautes-Pyrénées that hosts several million visitors a year. The country's 18 integral regions (five of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of 643,801 km 2 (248,573 sq mi) and a total population of 67.07 million (as of June 2020). However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law, criminal law, and administrative law. [97][failed verification] It has been relaxing its control over these sectors since the early 1990s. The systematic torture and repression, as well as the extrajudicial killings that were perpetrated to keep control of Algeria, then considered as an integral part of France and home to over one million European settlers,[78][79] wracked the country and nearly led to a coup and civil war.[80]. Statistics on Spanish immigrants in France show a growth of 107 percent between 2009 and 2012, i.e. At the end of the Antiquity period, ancient Gaul was divided into several Germanic kingdoms and a remaining Gallo-Roman territory, known as the Kingdom of Syagrius. They consist of the French Army (Armée de Terre), French Navy (Marine Nationale, formerly called Armée de Mer), the French Air and Space Force (Armée de l'Air et de l’Espace), and the Military Police called National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie nationale), which also fulfils civil police duties in the rural areas of France. As of 2018[update], 69 French people have been awarded a Nobel Prize[239] and 12 have received the Fields Medal.[240]. EU budget 2014-2020. • In the overseas regions, there are three broad types of climate: France was one of the first countries to create an environment ministry, in 1971. With the exception of the northeast, most of France's land borders are roughly delineated by natural boundaries and geographic features: to the south and southeast, the Pyrenees and the Alps and the Jura, respectively, and to the east, the Rhine river. [269] In 2005, it was Western Europe's leading recipient of asylum seekers, with an estimated 50,000 applications (albeit 15% decrease from 2004). By 2006, the Michelin Guide had awarded 620 stars to French restaurants, at that time more than any other country, although the guide also inspects more restaurants in France than in any other country (by 2010, Japan was awarded as many Michelin stars as France, despite having half the number of Michelin inspectors working there).[428][429].